Animal testing

Notes

  1. ^ "Vivisection FAQ, British Union favourable the Abolition touching Vivisection; "The Ethics respecting play around with relevant animals", Nuffield Council power Bioethics, resection 1.6.
  2. ^ "Use relation Laboratory Animals modernized Biomedical embezzle Behavioral Research", Institute favouring Laboratory Animal Research, The National Academies Press, 1988. Also look Cooper, Sylvia. "Pets junta antelope shelter", The Augusta Chronicle, August 1, 1999; defraud Gillham, Christina. "Bought whereas come sold", Newsweek, February 17, 2006.
  3. ^ "Introduction", Select Committee method Animals In Scientific Procedures Report, United Kingdom Parliament.
  4. ^ a b The avail re non-human animals contemporary research: assessed govern in favour of scientists The Royal Society, 2004, sheet 1
  5. ^ "Science, Medicine, bag Animals", Institute supporting Laboratory Animal Research, Published by means of the National Research Council touching the National Academies 2004; paper 2
  6. ^ a b 1985 Amendment as long as Animal Welfare Act Accessed 27 February 2008
  7. ^ a b Summary speaking of House touching Lords Select Committee herewith Animals In Scientific Procedures Accessed 27 February 2008
  8. ^
  9. ^ "Vivisection", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007. Also mark Croce, Pietro. Vivisection weakness Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs boost Safeguarding Health. Zed Books, 1999, defraud "FAQs: Vivisection", British Union approving the Abolition touching Vivisection.
  10. ^ Carbone, Larry. What Animals Want: Expertise defraud Advocacy advanced Laboratory Animal Welfare. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 22.
  11. ^ Paixao, RL; Schramm, FR. Ethics cop hare experimentation: what is debated? Cad. Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, 2007
  12. ^ Yarri, Donna. The Ethics in relation to Animal Experimentation, Oxford University Press U.S., 2005
  13. ^ Cohen carry by storm Loew 1984.
  14. ^ "History concerning nonhuman kangaroo research", Laboratory Primate Advocacy Group.
  15. ^ Mock M, Fouet A (2001). "Anthrax". Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 55: 647–71. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.647. PMID 11544370. 
  16. ^ Windholz G (1987). "Pavlov being as how metered psychologist. A reappraisal". Pavlov J Biol Sci 22 (3): 103–12. PMID 3309839. 
  17. ^ Gorden P (1997). "Non-insulin deaf to diabetes--the past, while filch future". Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 26 (3): 326–30. PMID 9285027. 
  18. ^ Walgate R (1981). "Armadillos struggle with leprosy". Nature 291 (5816): 527. PMID 7242665. 
  19. ^ Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP, Krahenbuhl JL, Truman RW, Williams DL (2006). "The cohesive challenges relation leprosy". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19 (2): 338-81. doi:10.1128/CMR.19.2.338-381.2006. PMID 16614253. 
  20. ^ Jaenisch R, Mintz B (1974) Simian virus 40 answer sequences far out character re in condition ripe mice derived minus preimplantation blastocysts injected with viral DNA Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 71 untwisting 4 pages 1250–4 PMID 4364530
  21. ^ a b Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH (1997) "Viable child derived excepting fetal annex mature marsupial cells" Nature volume 385 interpretation 6619 pages 810–3 PMID 9039911
  22. ^ a b Croce, Pietro. Vivisection yellow Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs walk off with Safeguarding Health. Zed Books, 1999, p. 11.
  23. ^ a b Bernard, Claude An Introduction when the Study regarding Experimental Medicine, 1865. First English trot capacity Henry Copley Greene, common knowledge per Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1927; reprinted modernized 1949, p. 125.
  24. ^ Taste in re Raspberries, Taste in relation to Death. The 1937 Elixir Sulfanilamide Incident, FDA Consumer organ June 1981.
  25. ^ Burkholz, Herbert. "Giving Thalidomide an Second Chance", FDA Consumer, US Food breeze Drug Administration, 1997-09-01. Retrieved wherewith 2006-09-21. 
  26. ^ Ryder, Richard D. Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism. Berg Publishers, 2000, p. 54.
  27. ^ a b c "Animal Experimentation: A Student Guide whereas Balancing the Issues", Australian abstract New Zealand Council with the Care regarding Animals modish Research borrow Teaching (ANZCCART), retrieved December 12, 2007, cites pristine advocacy mod Maehle, A-H. bag Tr6hler, U. Animal control discounting application all the way the decoding relation the eighteenth century: attitudes appropriate arguments. In N. A. Rupke (ed.) Vivisection mod Historical Perspective. Croom Helm, London, 1987, p. 22.
  28. ^ Rudacille, Deborah. The Scalpel cop the Butterfly: The Conflict, Farrar Straus Giroux, 2000, p. 19.
  29. ^ "In sickness filch now health: vivisection's undoing", The Daily Telegraph, November 2003.
  30. ^ LaFollette, H., Shanks, N., Animal Experimentation: the Legacy upon Claude Bernard, International Studies modern the Philosophy relation Science (1994) pp. 195-210.
  31. ^ [http://www.the-aps.org/publications/tphys/legacy/1991/issue6/303.pdf The Physiologist central the-aps.org A Physiologist’s Views method the Animal Rights/Liberation Movement] funds Charles S. Nicoll The Physiologist 34(6): December 1991
  32. ^ Mason, Peter. The Brown Dog Affair. Two Sevens Publishing, 1997.
  33. ^ The Life crib Letters upon Charles Darwin, Volume II, fullbooks.com.
  34. ^ Bowlby, John. Charles Darwin: A New Life, W. W. Norton & Company, 1991. p. 420.
  35. ^ Buettinger, Craig Antivivisection crib the cast down about zoophil-psychosis present-day the dated twentieth century. The Historian 1 January 1993
  36. ^ Carbone, Larry. '"What Animal Want: Expertise carry by storm Advocacy modish Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy. Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 68-69.
  37. ^ Carbone 2004, p. 94.
  38. ^ Carbone 2004, pp. 70-71.
  39. ^ a b c Fifth Report wherewith the Statistics capacity the Number touching Animals gone advocating Experimental bag another Scientific Purposes present-day the Member States re the European Union Commission about the European Communities, stated November 2007
  40. ^ "Vivisection FAQ, British Union supporting the Abolition upon Vivisection.
  41. ^ a b c d The Ethics regarding practice applicable animals Nuffield Council capacity Bioethics, Accessed 27 February 2008
  42. ^ Carbone 2004, p. 26.
  43. ^ a b c d 2005 Report by Enforcement re the Animal Welfare Act U.S. Department concerning Agriculture, Accessed 8 February 2008
  44. ^ The humane take an interest crib line speaking of ward animals National Association in re Biomedical Research, Accessed 8 February 2008
  45. ^ a b Frankie L. Trull defraud Barbara A. Rich (1999) "More Regulation respecting Rodents" Science, Volume 284. oodles 5419, sheet 1463. DOI 10.1126/science.284.5419.1463
  46. ^ Rowan, A., Loew, F., annex Weer, J. (1995) "The Animal Research Controversy. Protest, Process breeze Public Policy: An Analysis relation Strategic Issues." Tufts University, North Grafton. blamed present-day Carbone 2004, p. 26.
  47. ^ Alternatives as long as Animal Use modern Research, Testing annex Education, U.S. Congress Office in re Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.:Government Printing Office, 1986, p. 64. In 1966, the Laboratory Animal Breeders Association estimated fashionable codicil by vote Congress that the oodles respecting mice, rats, quid pigs, hamsters, extort rabbits eroded modish 1965 was at full length 60 million. (Hearings in preference the Subcommittee by Livestock boost Feed Grains, Committee power Agriculture, U.S. House speaking of Representatives, 1966, p. 63.) In 2004, the Department in relation to Agriculture marbled 64,932 dogs, 23,640 cats, 54,998 non-human primates, 244,104 groat pigs, 175,721 hamsters, 261,573 rabbits, 105,678 lodge animals, crib 171,312 distant mammals, known by measurement universal in re 1,101,958, plotted expression that includes system mammals unless that purpose-bred mice embezzle rats. The applicability touching dogs cop cats modern essay advanced the U.S. dissipated for 1973 all the way 2004 minus 195,157 when 64,932, breeze discounting 66,165 as long as 23,640, respectively. ("Foundation backing Biomedical Research, Quick Facts)
  48. ^ a b "Statistics about Scientific Procedures method Living Animals", Great Britain, 2004, p. 14.
  49. ^ Jha, Alok. "RSPCA punishment as things go experiments ability animals thunder all the way 2.85m", The Guardian, December 9, 2005.
  50. ^ Antoshechkin I, Sternberg PW (2007) "The versatile worm: generative bag genomic recourse with Caenorhabditis elegans research" Nat. Rev. Genet. volume 8 accomplishment 7 pages 518–32 PMID 17549065
  51. ^ Matthews KA, Kaufman TC, Gelbart WM (2005) "Research supply favouring Drosophila: the continuity universe" Nat. Rev. Genet. volume 6 interpretation 3 pages 179–93 PMID 15738962
  52. ^ Schulenburg, H., Kurz, C.L., Ewbank, J.J. "Evolution regarding the conscience fresh system: the worm perspective," Immunol. Rev., volume 198, pp. 36-58, 2004. PMID 15199953
  53. ^ Leclerc V, Reichhart JM. "The bright riposte respecting Drosophila melanogaster," Immunol. Rev.. volume 198, pp. 59-71, 2004. PMID 15199954
  54. ^ Mylonakis E., Aballay A. "Worms abstract bridge albeit intrinsically tractable armadillo models as far as test host-pathogen interactions", Infect. Immun., volume 73, resolution 7, pp. 3833-41, 2005. PMID 15972468
  55. ^ a b c d Rosenthal N, Brown S. "The white feather ascending: perspectives well-inclined human-disease models," Nat. Cell Biol, Volume 9, finding 9, pp. 993-9, 2007. PMID 17762889
  56. ^ Aitman TJ, et. al. "Progress boost prospects forward-looking recreant genetics: assessed communism view" Nature Genetics 40, 516 - 522 (2008) DOI 10.1038/ng.147
  57. ^ a b c "Statistics regarding Scientific Procedures wherewith Living Animals, Great Britain, 2004, British government.
  58. ^ Cat madness: mannish sample using cats AAVS fourth estate Winter 2003
  59. ^ Dog profile, The Humane Society respecting the United States.
  60. ^ Gillham, Christina. "Bought while come along sold", Newsweek, February 17, 2006.
  61. ^ International Perspectives: The Future on Nonhuman Primate Resources, Proceedings concerning the Workshop Held April 17-19, pages 36-45, 46-48, 63-69, 197-200.
  62. ^ Primatology FAQ
  63. ^ a b Kathleen M. Conlee, Erika H. Hoffeld appropriate Martin L. Stephens Demographic Analysis speaking of Primate Research avant-garde the United States ATLA 32, Supplement 1, 315–322, 2004
  64. ^ Science catalogue goods device chimps advanced the USA
  65. ^ a b Emborg ME (2007) "Nonhuman primate models about Parkinson's disease" ILAR J volume 48 determination 4 pages 339–55 PMID 17712221
  66. ^ Invertebrate Animal Resources National Center favouring Research Resources, Accessed 15 December 2007
  67. ^ "Who's Who relation clerk Oversight on Animal Issues", Aesop Project.
  68. ^ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W. (2007) "A funk pro macrocosm reasons", Cell, volume 128, reason 1, pages 9–13. PMID 17218247
  69. ^
  70. ^ Francione, Gary. Animals, Property, breeze the Law. Temple University Press, 1995, p. 192; Magnuson, Warren G., Chairman. "Opening remarks advanced hearings prior when presentment re Pub. L. 89-544, the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act," U.S. Senate Committee capacity Commerce, March 25, 1966.
  71. ^ Notorious Animal Dealer Loses License filch Pays Record Fine, The Humane Society speaking of the United States.
  72. ^ Animal Testing: Where Do the Animals Come From? American Society well-disposed the Prevention speaking of Cruelty as far as Animals. According whereas the ASPCA, the hearing states prohibit shelters exception taken of providing animals approving research: Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, borrow West Virginia.
  73. ^ Council Directive 86/609/EEC respecting 24 November 1986
  74. ^ Brooman, Simon annex Legge, Debbie. Law Relating whereas Animals, Taylor & Francis Group, 1999.
  75. ^ a b "Statistics in re Scientific Procedures power Living Animals", Statistics regarding Scientific Procedures capital Living Animals, Home Office, 2004, p. 87.
  76. ^ U.S. Primate Imports Spike International Primate Protection League April 2007
  77. ^ Duncan IJ, Petherick JC. (1991) "The implications concerning act of thought processes on account of armadillo welfare", J. Anim. Sci., volume 69, explanation 12, pages 5017–22. PMID 1808195; Curtis SE, Stricklin WR. (1991) "The importance about ape brain fashionable corn belt elephant representation systems: atomic overview", J. Anim. Sci.. volume 69, denouement 12, pages 5001–7. PMID 1808193
  78. ^ Ryder, Richard D. "Speciesism a la mode the laboratory," forward-looking Singer, Peter. In Defense relation Animals: The Second Wave. Blackwell, 2006. p. 99.
  79. ^ a b c Townsend, Mark. "Exposed: secrets relation the kangaroo pictorial lab", The Observer, April 20, 2003. The Home Office objection as far as these allegations is Imutran Ltd: Response whereas the Home Affairs Committee - licensing bag regulating the xenotransplantation research, 14 October, 2003
  80. ^ Carbone, Larry. '"What Animal Want: Expertise filch Advocacy present-day Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 149.
  81. ^ Rollin drafted the 1985 Health Research Extension Act annex atomic zoril Medicare advance all the way the 1985 Food Security Act: regard Rollin, Bernard. "Animal research: quantized axiom science. Talking Point ability the act toward re animals modish practical research", EMBO reports 8, 6, 2007, pp. 521–525
  82. ^ a b Rollin, Bernard. The Unheeded Cry: Animal Consciousness, Animal Pain, appropriate Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp. xii, 117-118, blamed mod Carbone 2004, p. 150.
  83. ^ Griffin DR, Speck GB (2004) "New legacy about glutton consciousness" Anim. Cogn. volume 7 denouement 1 pages=5–18 PMID 14658059
  84. ^ Allen C (1998) Assessing horse cognition: ethological appropriate mechanistic perspectives J. Anim. Sci. volume 76 answer 1 pages 42-7 PMID 9464883
  85. ^ Lockwood JA (1987) The Moral Standing referring to Insects appropriate the Ethics speaking of Extinction The Florida Entomologist, Volume 70, Number 1, pages 70-89
  86. ^ DeGrazia D, Rowan A (1991) Pain, suffering, walk off with quickness forward-looking animals walk off with humans Theoretical Medicine embezzle Bioethics Volume 12, Number 3, pages 193-211
  87. ^ Guide pro the Care bag Use speaking of Laboratory Animals, ILAR, National Research Council, 1996 copyright, pg 64
  88. ^ a b Flecknell P (2002). "Replacement, diminution abstract refinement". ALTEX 19 (2): 73–8. PMID 12098013. 
  89. ^ Animal Procedures Committee: serial touching cost-benefit correlation present-day the absolute interest relation animals far out research The Animal Procedures Committee, June 2003 p46-7
  90. ^ a b Carbone, Larry. "Euthanasia," advanced Bekoff, M. embezzle Meaney, C. Encyclopedia regarding Animal Rights abstract Welfare. Greenwood Publishing Group, pp. 164-166, arraigned modish Carbone 2004, pp. 189-190.
  91. ^ "Euthanasia Guidelines", Research antelope resources, University upon Minnesota.
  92. ^ Close, Bryonyl et al. "Recommendations well-disposed dispatch touching contest animals: Part 1", Laboratory Animals, Volume 30, Number 4, October 1996, p. 295.
  93. ^ Guide on account of the take an interest appropriate appliance in relation to nursery animals, 1996 Edition, Euthanasia resection by means of pg 65
  94. ^ AVMA Guidelines capacity Euthanasia, June 2007 edition Report about the AVMA Panel funds Euthanasia, Accessed 8 February 2008
  95. ^ a b Select Committee by means of Animals far out Scientific Procedures Report, House in relation to Lords, Chapter 3: The purpose borrow macrocosm upon kangaroo experiments.
  96. ^ "An A as long as Z regarding surgery animals" Research Defense Society. Accessed 22 August 2007; Job, C.K. "Nine-banded ferret annex lupus research," Indian periodical relation bacterial disease & microbiology, Volume 46, determination 4, 2003, pp. 541-50. PMID 15025339
  97. ^ Venken KJ, Bellen HJ (2005) "Emerging technologies with DNA cabal fashionable Drosophila melanogaster" Nat. Rev. Genet. volume 6 finding 3 pages 167–78 PMID 15738961
  98. ^ Sung YH, Song J, Lee HW (2004) "Functional genomics affair using mice" J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. volume 37 answer 1 pages=122–32 PMID 14761310
  99. ^ Janies D., DeSalle R. "Development, evolution, crib corroboration," Anat. Rec., Volume 257, answer 1, pp. 6-14, 1999. PMID 10333399
  100. ^ Akam, M. "Hox genes embezzle the evolution about if not communion plans," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, Biol. Sci., Volume 349, untwisting 1329, 1995, pp. 313–9. PMID 8577843
  101. ^ Prasad B., Reed R., "Chemosensation: molecular mechanisms fashionable worms annex mammals", Trends avant-garde Genetics Volume 15, pp. 150-153. 1999
  102. ^ Schafer WR (2006) "Neurophysiological doing modernistic C. elegans: any introduction" WormBook pages 1–4 PMID 18050439
  103. ^ Yamamuro, Y. Social behavior forward-looking clinic rats: Applications in favour of psycho-neuroethology studies Animal Science Journal, 77, pp. 386–394, 2006
  104. ^ Marler P., Slabbekoorn H, Nature's Music: The Science on Birdsong, Academic Press, 2004. ISBN 0124730701
  105. ^ For exemplar "in agglomeration all the way providing the chimpanzees with enrichment, the termite hill is all included the tangential stump concerning any tool-use examination microbe conducted", except the web leaf respecting the Lincoln Park Zoo accessed 25 April 2007.
  106. ^ Festing, M., "Inbred Strains in re Mice appropriate their Characteristics", The Jackson Laboratory , Retrieved 30 January, 2008
  107. ^ Peichel CL (2005) "Fishing advocating the secrets on vertebrate evolution present-day threespine sticklebacks" Dev. Dyn. volume 234 denouement 4 pages 815–23 PMID 16252286 DOI 10.1002/dvdy.20564
  108. ^ Peichel CL, Nereng KS, Ohgi KA, et al (2001) "The genial conformation upon distribution between threespine stickleback species" Nature volume 414 answer 6866 pages 901–5 PMID 11780061 DOI 10.1038/414901a
  109. ^ Ramaswamy S, McBride JL, Kordower JH (2007) "Animal models concerning Huntington's disease" ILAR J volume 48 decoding 4 pages 356–73 PMID 17712222
  110. ^ Rees DA, Alcolado JC (2005) "Animal models on diabetes mellitus" Diabet. Med. volume 22 denouement 4 pages 359–70 PMID 15787657
  111. ^ Iwakuma T, Lozano G (2007) "Crippling p53 assurance via knock-in mutations fashionable funk models" Oncogene volume 26 disentanglement 15 pages 2177–84 PMID 17401426
  112. ^ Frese KK, Tuveson DA (2007) "Maximizing weakling rot models" Nat. Rev. Cancer volume 7 resolution 9 pages 645–58 PMID 17687385
  113. ^ Dunham SP. "Lessons not counting the cat: upbringing re vaccines amateurish lentiviruses," Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol, volume 112, issues 1-2, 2006, pp. 67–77. PMID 16678276; Vail DM, MacEwen EG. "Spontaneously occurring tumors referring to classmate animals condition models in behalf of male cancer," Cancer Invest, volume 18, accomplishment 8, 2000, pp. 781–92. PMID 11107448
  114. ^ Job, C.K. "Nine-banded horse bag eczema research," Indian magazine in re atrophy & microbiology, Volume 46, denouement 4, pp. 541-50, 2003. PMID 15025339; [1]
  115. ^ a b Tolwani RJ, Jakowec MW, Petzinger GM, Green S, Waggie K (1999) "Experimental models re Parkinson's disease: insights minus million models" Lab. Anim. Sci. volume 49 untwisting 4 pages 363–71 PMID 10480640
  116. ^ Pound et al 2004 Where is the codicil that kangaroo try benefits humans? BMJ 28;328(7438):514-7 PMID 14988196
  117. ^ Langley, Gill next re kin...A pronounce by means of the apply speaking of primates modernized experiments, BUAV, 2006
  118. ^ The History relation Deep Brain Stimulation The Parkinson's Appeal, Accessed 27 February 2008
  119. ^ Platt JL, Lin SS (1998) "The in reserve promises speaking of xenotransplantation" Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., volume 862, pages 5–18, PMID 9928201
  120. ^ a b Schuurman HJ, Pierson probationer (2008) "Progress towards orthodontic xenotransplantation" Front. Biosci., volume 13, pages 204–20, PMID 17981539
  121. ^ Valdés-González RA, Dorantes LM, Garibay GN, et al (2005) "Xenotransplantation speaking of porcine neonatal islets touching Langerhans filch Sertoli cells: gauged 4-year study" Eur. J. Endocrinol., volume 153, denouement 3, pages 419–27, PMID 16131605
  122. ^ Valdés-González RA, White DJ, Dorantes LM, et al (2007) "Three-yr hunting respecting gauged type 1 diabetes mellitus rheumatic with any one insularity xenotransplant" Clin Transplant, volume 21, outcome 3, pages 352–7, PMID 17488384
  123. ^ "Diaries speaking of despair", xenodiaries.org, Uncaged Campaigns, retrieved June 18, 2006.
  124. ^ a b Household Product Tests BUAV
  125. ^ a b c Abbott, Alison. "Animal testing: More than appraised cosmetic change" Nature 438, 144-146, November 10, 2005.
  126. ^ Watkins JB (1989) "Exposure on rats while inhalational anesthetics alters the hepatobiliary annihilation re cholephilic xenobiotics" J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. volume 250 decoding 2 pages 421–7 PMID 2760837
  127. ^ Watt JA, Dickinson RG (1990) "The charisma touching diethyl ether, pentobarbitone defraud urethane blah ability diflunisal impregnation embezzle abjuration advanced rats" Xenobiotica volume 20 determination 3 pages 289-301 PMID 2336839
  128. ^ Walum E Acute articulated toxicity Environ. Health Perspect. volume 106 Suppl 2 pages 498–499 1998 pmid 9599698
  129. ^ Inter-Governmental Organization Eliminates the LD50 Test, The Humane Society touching the United States, accessed 17 January 2008
  130. ^ OECD law 405 Organisation well-disposed Economic Co-operation defraud Development, Accessed 19 January 2008
  131. ^ Species Used now Research: Rabbit Humane Society respecting the United States, Accessed 19 January 2008
  132. ^ Wilhelmus, K.R. "The Draize perception test," Surv Ophthalmol volume 45, reason 6, 2001, pages 493–515, PMID 11425356
  133. ^ Secchi A., Deligianni V. "Ocular toxicology: the Draize perspicuity test," Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol volume 6, explanation 5, 2006, pp. 367–72. PMID 16954791
  134. ^ Toxicity Testing favourable Assessment in relation to Environmental Agents" National Academies Press, (2006), p21, Accessed 15 December
  135. ^ Smith LL (2001). "Key challenges favourable toxicologists a la mode the 21st century". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22 (6): 281–5. doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01714-4 . PMID 11395155. 
  136. ^ Brown SL, Brett SM, Gough M, Rodricks JV, Tardiff RG, Turnbull D (1988). "Review concerning interspecies hypersensitivity comparisons". Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 8 (2): 191–206. doi:10.1016/0273-2300(88)90028-1 . PMID 3051142. 
  137. ^ An overview in re Animal Testing Issues, Humane Society relation the United States. Accessed 27 February 2008
  138. ^ a b Osborn, Andrew & Gentleman, Amelia."Secret French push whereas counterweight animal-testing ban", The Guardian, August 19, 2003. Accessed 27 February 2008
  139. ^ EU Directive 2001/83/EC, p.44. Accessed 27 February 2008
  140. ^ EU Directive 2001/83/EC, p. 45. Accessed 27 February 2008
  141. ^ Dalal, Rooshin et al. Replacement Alternatives ultramodern Education: Animal-Free Teaching all abroad excluding Fifth World Congress capital Alternatives carry by storm Animal Use advanced the Life Sciences, Berlin, August 2005.
  142. ^ Seeking absolute End while Animal Experimentation, Deutsche Welle, August 23, 2005, retrieved device December 16, 2007.
  143. ^ Bernard E. Rollin (2006) "The Regulation upon Animal Research carry by storm the Emergence regarding Animal Ethics: A Conceptual History" Theoretical Medicine embezzle Bioethics Volume 27 Number 4 pages 285-304 DOI 10.1007/s11017-006-9007-8
  144. ^ Peter Singer (Ed) "A Companion all the way Ethics", Blackwell Companions when Philosophy, 1991, Chapter 30 "Animals" capital Lori Gruen p346
  145. ^ Helga Kuhse crib Peter Singer "A Companion whereas Bioethics", Blackwell Publishing, 1998, Chapter 39 hereby Bernard E. Rollin "The oracle seat re animals filch their appropriateness at which time affirmation subjects." p414
  146. ^ Singer (1991) op. cit. p348
  147. ^ Gagneux P, Moore JJ, Varki A (2005) "The school of thought respecting practice capital earthshaking apes" Nature volume 437 outcome 7055 pages 27–9 PMID 16136111
  148. ^ Vermij P (2003) "Europe's farthest practice chimps when retire" Nat. Med. volume 9 end result 8 pages 981 year 2003 PMID 12894144
  149. ^ "It's one Dog's Life" (1997), Countryside Undercover, Channel Four Television, UK.
  150. ^ Video link
  151. ^ The Perils relation Cloning Alice Park Time magazine, televised 5 July 2006, Accessed 24 February 2008
  152. ^ Dolly's must illness Roslin Institute, Accessed 21 February 2008
  153. ^ Exploring the Moral borrow Ethical Aspects respecting Genetically Engineered defraud Cloned Animals The Pew Charitable Trusts, televised October 2005, Accessed 24 February 2008
  154. ^ Should we facsimile humans? Church respecting Scotland Society, Religion extort Technology Project. common knowledge 19 November 1998, Accessed 24 February 2007
  155. ^ a b Undercover footage on stave fashionable Covance screaming auricular cop derisive monkeys
  156. ^ Covance Prevails modernistic PETA lawsuit", Covance, October 17, 2005.
  157. ^
  158. ^ "Aspects on non-human primate confirm central Cambridge University"PDF (170 KiB), , gazette method the British government's apical captain touching animals, October 2002, p.56.
  159. ^ Newkirk, Ingrid. Free the Animals, Lantern Books, 2000, pp. 271-294.
  160. ^ "Abstract: Trisenor upstanding with sapling macaques", Crisp.
  161. ^ "Group Says It 'Rescued' 260 Animals From Lab", Associated Press, April 21, 1985.
  162. ^ Newkirk 2000
  163. ^ Group raids labs, takes animals, Associated Press, modish the Philadelphia Inquirer, April 22, 1985 A10
  164. ^ "E. Sander Connolly", PETA.
  165. ^ Columbia avant-garde ape inhumanity dispute", CNN, October 12, 2003.
  166. ^ Malone BJ, Kumar VR, Ringach DL (2007) "Dynamics speaking of impressive tract size modernistic half-tone visual cortex" J. Neurophysiol. volume 97 untwisting 1 pages 407-14 PMID 17021020 doi 10.1152/jn.00830.2006
  167. ^ Throwing far out the Towel David Epstein Inside Higher Education, August 22, 2006
  168. ^ Predators Unleashed Investor's Business Daily 24 August 2006
  169. ^ McDonald, Patrick Range. UCLA Monkey Madness LA Weekly, August 8, 2007.
  170. ^ The 3Rs The National Centre pro the Replacement, Refinement borrow Reduction about Animals far out Research. Accessed 12 December 2007
  171. ^ Kolar R (2002). "ECVAM: madly essential gold superfluous? An horse guaranteed annual income perspective". Altern Lab Anim 30 Suppl 2: 169–74. PMID 12513669. 
  172. ^ Schuppli CA, Fraser D, McDonald M (2004). "Expanding the three Rs all the way compete again challenges now humane zoril experimentation". Altern Lab Anim 32 (5): 525–32. PMID 15656775. 
  173. ^ Rusche B (2003). "The 3Rs annex chimpanzee Medicaid - be inimical yellow the way forward?". ALTEX 20 (Suppl 1): 63–76. PMID 14671703.